Time-sequential change in immune-related gene expression after irradiation in glioblastoma: next-generation sequencing analysis

The time-sequential change in immune-related gene expression of the glioblastoma cell line after irradiation was evaluated to speculate effect combined immunotherapy with radiotherapy. U373 MG irradiated 6 Gy single dose. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) transcriptome data generated before (control), and at 6, 24, 48 h post-irradiation. Immune-related pathways were analyzed each time period. same analyses also performed for A549 lung cancer U87 lines. Western blotting confirmed programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels over time. In line, neutrophil-mediated immunity, type I interferon signaling, antigen cross-presentation T cell, interferon-γ signals began increase significantly 24 upregulated until irradiation. results similar those Without infiltration, PD-L1 did not even signaling cells. conclusions, Therefore, interval between daily radiotherapy might be enough expect full immune responses by checkpoint inhibitors newly infiltrating cells